In recent years, postbiotics, a new concept related to probiotics, has been used to describe some certain inactivated microorganisms or sterile extracts, which may provide host health benefits through distinct biological activities from those of probiotics. A series of studies have shown that some postbiotics have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which have been used in the adjuvant treatment of metabolic syndrome, anxiety, depression, and even corona virus disease 2019, although their mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved have not been fully elucidated. With the deepening of the research and development of postbiotics, it is expected to be widely used in the healthy food industry and medical health care field in the future.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects the central face, its clinical manifestations are diverse and it is prone to recurrence, which can significantly impact the quality of life and mental health of patients. Accurate assessment of the severity and treatment efficacy of rosacea is crucial for long-term management. This article reviews the tools for assessing rosacea based on domestic and international expert consensus and clinical research. We outline the methods, advantages and disadvantages of these tools and summarize the scales for ocular and phymatous rosacea. Additionally, we discuss the evaluation methods of life quality and mental health in rosacea patients so as to assist dermatologists in better selecting and utilizing these assessment tools.

Pruritus is a common dermatologic condition characterized by only itching without primary skin lesions. Pruritus is also the most common symptom of many dermatologic conditions, causing discomfort and leading to problems with sleep, mood, and social interaction. These issues can significantly impact the daily activities, mental health and overall quality of life. In clinical practice, the subjective nature of itching and the complexity of its etiology make it challenging for physicians to assess the severity of itch in patients. We summarize the common unidimensional and multidimensional pruritus assessment tools from the perspective of pruritus degree assessment, introduce the scales that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of pruritus patients, and describe their application methods, advantages and limitations, in order to provide reference for dermatology clinicians to select and apply these assessment tools.

With the introduction of the policy of “Internet Plus Healthcare” and the catalyzing effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, drug distribution enterprises have rapidly expanded into the “Internet Plus” medical service field. This article summarizes the service modes employed by these enterprises in the context of “Internet Plus” healthcare, analyzes the challenges they face, and proposes corresponding improvement strategies. Drug distribution enterprises need to strengthen the study of relevant laws and policies, broaden their management approaches, standardize industry operations, and improve service quality, so as to achieve long-term development in the “Internet Plus” medical service field.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common skin disease, whose incidence has been increasing year by year, and is more common in the middle-aged and elderly as well as people with immunosuppression or immunodeficiency. Zoster-associated pain in the acute phase and postherpetic neuralgia has a significant impact on the quality of life. Therefore, the accurate assessment of the intensity, properties and changes of pain in HZ patients and estimation of the impact of symptoms on the quality of life are of benefit to carrying out appropriate therapeutic measures or to adjusting the therapeutic regimen timely in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, which are crucial for treatment efficacy and rehabilitation process of patients. At present, there are a variety of clinical scales used to evaluate the condition of HZ patients, mainly to assess pain and quality of life. Based on the latest version of the expert consensus on herpes zoster-related pain, this review summarizes the specific content and advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used scales so as to provide better selection for their clinical application.

The gut microbiota-host metabolic axis is defined as a group of high-speed multi-disciplinary, interactive chemical signal pathways that link a specific host cell pathway to a series of gut microbiome species, subecosystems and metabolic activities. Many diseases are related to intestinal microbiota disorders (alterations of the composition or functions of the intestinal microbiota). The present article focus on the gut flora dysfunction classification, the causes and consequences of the dysfunction of intestinal metabolites, as well as their roles in the molecular etiology of various intestinal diseases. Meanwhile, novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches targeting microbiota and its metabolites are also discussed.

With the continuous development of China's pharmaceutical e-commerce and the ongoing enhancement of the regulatory system, new demands have been placed on the quality management models of traditional pharmaceutical distribution enterprises. This study analyzes the essential elements required for pharmaceutical distribution enterprises engaged in online drug retail activities and explores key quality control points in light of changes in pharmaceutical business models. Under the current regulatory environment, enterprises should focus on strengthening information systems, online trading platforms, and pharmaceutical services to ensure regulatory compliance in online drug sales, accelerate the restructuring of the pharmaceutical supply chain, and safeguard public health and medication safety.

Dispensing robot can automate intravenous drug dispensing tasks instead of humans, effectively improve the accuracy of drug dispensing, reduce occupational exposure and lower the mechanical repetitive labor intensity of dispensing personnel. However, the use of dispensing robot in China is still in the exploratory stage, the time for its clinical application is relatively short, and the technology is not fully mature. This article reviews the literature related to the application practice of drug dispensing robot, summarizes its application status and technical characteristics and proposes some suggestions for its improvement in view of its existing problems, so as to provide reference for the continuous improvement of the automatic intravenous drug dispensing ability. Medical institutions can choose different types of dispensing robots according to their needs and circumstances.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application effect of hierarchical and progressive teaching mode in the standardized training of psychiatric resident physicians. Methods: Through the hierarchical training of teaching objectives, content, process and examination, the effect of the hierarchical and progressive training was evaluated through the examination of licensed doctors and the outbound examination of resident physicians. Results: The passing rate of the medical practitioner exam and the final exam of the standardized training of psychiatric resident physicians in the progressive teaching group was higher than that in the traditional teaching group, and there was a significant difference in the passing rate of the medical practitioner examination (P<0.05). Conclusion: The hierarchical and progressive teaching mode is beneficial to the standardized training of psychiatric resident physicians and can improve the quality of residential training, which is worthy of further popularization and research.

In recent years, the medical device industry has rapidly risen in China’s high-tech industry system and has gradually become one of the key high-tech fields supported and developed by the state. Shanghai, as one of the most developed medical device industries in China, has been striving to be a test field for industry reform and is committed to deepening the “Shanghai Plan” for the industry, accelerating innovative breakthroughs in key industries, and actively laying out key areas to promote the widespread application and promotion of innovative products. This article analyzes the current development status of Shanghai’s medical device industry and proposes relevant suggestions for promoting the high-quality development of Shanghai’s medical device industry in combination with the new development pattern of Shanghai’s medical device industry in recent years.

With the improvement of people’s living standards and the continuous penetration of intelligent technology into the elderly care services, ordinary nursing beds have been unable to meet the care and rehabilitation needs of bedridden patients. Research and development can solve the problems of nursing and rehabilitation for the long-term bedridden patients, intelligent multifunctional nursing beds that reduce the labor intensity of caregivers have become a research hotspot at home and abroad. This article summarizes the research status of the intelligent multifunctional nursing bed from four aspects: body position adjustment, stool and urine care, physiological parameter monitoring, and bed rehabilitation training facing to the research hotspot at home and abroad.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for human health, which is the top death cause for the mortality for the residents in urban rural areas in our country, and the prevalence rate of cardiovascular disease is still at the stage of rising. In 2020, the American Heart Association(AHA) put forward the concept of cardiovascular health and ideal cardiovascular health indicators. This paper discusses the risk factors of cardiovascular health, ideal cardiovascular health indicators, evaluation and management of cardiovascular health.

Objective: To analyze two successful cases of treatment for rhabdomyolysis (RM) and provide reference for optimizing the treatment of RM. Methods: The clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, high-risk factors, and treatment plans of two RM patients and their clinical characteristics were analyzed in combination with relevant literature. Results: One case of patient with RM and acute liver injury was cured after treatment with fluid resuscitation, alkalization of urine, and hepatoprotective therapy. Another case of patient with RM and acute kidney injury was also cured after treatment with hydration, alkalization, potassium supplementation and lowering uric acid. Conclusion: Acute liver injury and acute kidney injury secondary to RM are usually transient and less severe. However, both cases in this report manifested severe organ dysfunction and required active pharmaceutical care. So early identification and comprehensive treatment are crucial.

Psychiatric clinical pharmacist training is pre-job professional training. The Pharmacy Management Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association has established requirements for training bases and teachers. Psychiatric clinical pharmacist training theoretical courses and practical skills training have their own characteristics. As a training base for psychiatric clinical pharmacists, Shanghai Mental Health Center has established an information-based clinical pharmacy work and teaching path based on the requirements of the training syllabus to enable trainees to master pharmaceutical service methods as soon as possible while learning theories and skills, improve clinical thinking ability, and become a qualified psychiatric clinical pharmacist. Driven by the reform of the three-medicine linkage, the work of psychiatric clinical pharmacists will be increasingly recognized and valued by hospitals and society.

Drug abuse can cause a range of psychotic and psychological problems and is a serious social hazard. China and most countries in the world exercise strict control over narcotic drugs and other psychoactive drugs. However, it is difficult to establish timely legal control over some psychoactive drugs and chemical variants of controlled substances, which has led to the emergence of new psychoactive substance abuse. It caused great harm, especially to the youth population. This review provides an overview of the types and characteristics of new psychoactive substance abuse among adolescents and young people in China in recent years and recommends basic principles for intervention.

Biopharmaceutical industry is an important pillar of strategic emerging industries in Shanghai. The growth rate of Shanghai’s biopharmaceutical industry has been slowed down in 2023 due to affection by the complex environment at home and abroad. This article focuses on the analysis of the status quo of Shanghai’s biopharmaceutical industry and makes recommendations for accelerating the development of this industry.

Objective: To explore the application of the resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) in hospital performance allocation. Methods: A comprehensive performance evaluation system was constructed by sorting out the diagnostic and treatment items, determining the scoring principles and organizing expert interviews, and the application effect was evaluated using descriptive analysis method. Results: A collection scale including 5 800 diagnostic and treatment items and 520 nursing items was constructed, and a performance management system based on RBRVS was determined. Conclusion: The evaluation system can scientifically reflect the labor value of medical staff and mobilize their enthusiasm, and the trend of various operational data in this hospital is improving.

Disease diagnosis is the basis and premise of clinical treatment and intervention, so diagnostic tests are an important part of clinical research. Correct understanding of the design points, evaluation principles and precautions of diagnostic tests can not only strengthen the knowledge of the connotation of diagnostic tests, but also avoid their wrong application. In addition, the application of clinical epidemiological methods to evaluate diagnostic tests helps to correctly recognize the value of diagnostic tests, scientifically interpret the results of diagnostic tests, and thus improve the diagnostic level of clinicians. This article starts with the concept of diagnostic tests, explains the design points and specifications of diagnostic tests, the basic principles of evaluation, the evaluation indexes of authenticity, reliability and clinical application value, and the methods to improve the effect of diagnostic tests, so as to provide reference for researchers to apply their diagnostic tests.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease whose etiology is not fully understood. In recent years, with the deepening of intestinal microecology research, intestinal microecology intervention represented by probiotics has become an important therapeutic method for IBD. Probiotic preparations for the treatment of IBD can maintain microecological balance, regulate intestinal immune function, relieve oxidative stress and protect mucosal barrier function. This article reviews the research progress of probiotics in the treatment of IBD from the aspects of definition, mechanism, efficacy and safety.

This article analyzes the operating characteristics and problems of the listed Huimin insurance products by sorting out the product characteristics and development status of China’s Huimin insurance market, and analyzes the operating characteristics and problems of the listed Huimin insurance products in terms of financing level, payout level, product design and other aspects. At present, the development of Huimin insurance is facing common problems in terms of low participation level, high payout level, and lack of medical insurance data support and so on. Improving the participation level by opening up individual accounts, reducing the risk of payout by dynamically adjusting premiums, and optimizing the product design by sharing medical insurance data and so on will be the main trend and direction of the transformation and the development of Huimin insurance products.

The incidence of vitiligo has been increasing in recent years. With approximately 20 million patients affected in China. Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease characterized by the loss of skin pigment, which results in white patches on the skin. This condition significantly impacts patients’ mental health and quality of life. To effectively assess the severity of vitiligo, monitor its progression and understand its effects on patients’ quality of life, this article reviews various evaluation tools available for vitiligo. These tools encompass both patient self-assessment scales and clinical assessment scales used by healthcare professionals, with a detailed summary of their usage methods, advantages, and disadvantages of each tool. Using standardized and systematic evaluation tools can help not only unify diagnostic criteria, guide individualized treatment plans and monitor therapeutic outcomes, but also improve patient management and facilitate related scientific research. By referencing these assessment tools and scales, dermatologists can more effectively select and implement them, ultimately providing more precise and higher-quality medical care to patients.

The human body and the gut microbiota are mutually beneficial and symbiotic under normal conditions. The gut microbiota has been proven to be associated with various diseases, and the liver, as a neighboring organ, is closely related to the gut both anatomically and functionally. Numerous studies have shown that the composition of gut microbiota undergoes significant changes when suffering from liver disease and the changes can significantly affect the development of liver diseases. This review summarizes the changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites under different liver disease states and their impact on the occurrence and development of liver disease to help colleagues deeply understand the relationship between the changes in gut microbiota and the development of liver disease, and then jointly explore new strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver disease based on gut microbiota.

With lifestyle changes, the incidence of subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is increasing year by year, and early diagnosis and timely appropriate treatment are essential for the prognosis of the shoulder joint. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of SIS with traditional Chinese and Western medicine, discusses the current situation of traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of SIS, and proposes that the clinical treatment of this disease should not be limited to simple traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine treatment methods, follow the idea of “heterozygous to cure”, and provide certain ideas and methods for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

In the context of the Healthy China Initiative, early diagnosis and early treatment of diseases are new goals and requirements for health management. This article analyzes the key issues of early disease screening in China, such as small disease coverage and low population coverage and finds that the disease selection method of China’s disease screening projects is not yet perfect, and there is still a lack of connection in fund payment. Accordingly, it is suggested that the disease screening scheme can be optimized from the aspects of disease screening criteria and screening process and meanwhile, the basic medical insurance fund and public health service fund can adopt the “secondary classification method” to implement different payment strategies for different types of diseases, strengthen the payment connection and provide financial support for early disease screening.

Acute vision loss is a common emergency in ophthalmology. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential to restore or preserve vision. Abnormalities in any part of the visual pathway, from the refractive media to the occipital cortex, can cause vision loss. In this article, we present an emergency diagnostic and treatment plan for acute vision loss based on its etiology.

Melasma is a skin disease that occurs frequently in women of childbearing age and has a greater impact on the mental condition and quality of life of patients due to the large changes in their facial appearance. Therefore, it is particularly important to monitor disease progression and assess their quality of life in time in the process of melasma diagnosis and treatment for the adjustment of treatment plans and the improvement of their skin lesion and treatment satisfaction. Currently, there is a lack of effective methods and efficacy evaluation for the treatment of melasma and the standardized objective scales are necessary for evaluating the efficacy of various interventions in clinical trials. This article systematically reviews the methods, advantages, and disadvantages of commonly used assessment tools based on the 2021 Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma, so as to assist clinical practitioners in better selecting and utilizing these evaluation tools.

Hydrogen sulfide is a trace gas signaling molecule that is metabolized in the gut by intestinal epithelial cells or intestinal microbiota using cysteine as its substrate. More and more studies have confirmed that patients with colorectal cancer are accompanied by gut flora disturbance and an increase in the level of hydrogen sulfide synthesis in the body. The pathway of hydrogen sulfide production and its physiological and pathological effects in colorectal cancer were reviewed in the present paper. The value of exhaled hydrogen sulfide in screening and early prediction of colorectal cancer as a novel target was also discussed.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The comprehensive rehabilitation intervention for patients with heart disease is a major clinical challenge. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the rehabilitation of this disease, but currently there is no integrated rehabilitation plan for heart disease in China. The Muscle and Skeleton Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Rehabilitation Professional Committee of the Shanghai Rehabilitation Medicine Association has organized experts in relevant fields to combine relevant clinical guidelines in recent years and developed “Guidelines for Integrated the Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Rehabilitation of Heart Diseases” after repeated discussions with experts in related fields, aiming to guide and standardize the practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation of heart diseases.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) seriously affects patients’ daily life and prognosis. White matter lesions, also known as white matter hyperintensity, is an important risk factor for PSCI. This article reviews the latest research of white matter lesions on PSCI, so as to provide references for developing prevention and interventions of PSCI.

Vitamin K₁ is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for the coagulation mechanism in neonates, especially in the process of hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors Ⅱ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ and Ⅹ. However, neonates are often at risk of bleeding disorders due to insufficient endogenous synthesis of vitamin K₁, so supplementation is generally recommended. On the other hand, the use of vitamin K₁ is not without risk, and its labeling mentions that adverse effects such as hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice and hemolytic anemia may occur in neonates. This article analyzes the adverse reactions and possible causes of its use in neonates, and evaluates the safety of vitamin K₁, so as to provide a basis for the safety of its clinical application in neonates.

Objective: To analyze the current research status, theme evolution and future frontiers of Ginkgo biloba extract in the pharmaceutical research field so as to provide evidence and references for future study. Methods: Literature data on Ginkgo biloba extract was extracted and filtered from Web of Science Core Collection, and R Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace were implemented to carry out statistical and visual analysis on publication trend, authors, institutions, countries, keywords, outburst words and future trends. Results: A total of 514 references were eventually incorporated. The number of annual publications showed a fluctuating rise overall and increased rapidly in the last decade. Broadly collaboration was observed between core authors and institutions with high impact; China led the high number of publications and maintained extensive cooperation with the United States, and the multinational collaboration network between China, the United States, France and the Republic of Korea was relatively close. Comprehensive analysis on keywords and research theme screened out 14 clusters and 16 keywords with the strongest citation bursts, and the thematic evolution indicated that the study on Ginkgo biloba extract has developed from the traditional research for herbal pharmacology to a new era digging deep into the molecular mechanism. Conclusion: The research on Ginkgo biloba extract presents a trend of in-depth development from the research of traditional Chinese medicine to the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and the application and combination of new technologies.

Objective: To analyze the artificial intelligence(AI) telephone follow-up answering, information collection, and consistency to evaluate the application value of AI technology in community chronic disease follow-up management. Methods: From September 1 to 30, 2020, the multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select hypertensive patients who needed follow-up among the chronic disease management subjects in Pengpuxincun Community Health Service Center as the survey objects, and the AI follow-up system was used to conduct telephone follow-up of hypertensive patients, and the contents collected were effectively extracted, and automatically generated follow-up results. Results: A total of 4 070 hypertensive patients were covered in this study, of which 3 887(95.50%) responded and 3 529 responded effectively. The information collection rate and agreement rate of dichotomous data and multi-categorical data were negatively correlated with the order of inquiry, while the quantitative data were positively correlated. A total of 52 852 pieces(71.31%) of the information were collected by the AI telephone follow-up system, of which 49 677 pieces (93.99%) were consistent with the results of manual review. The results of univariate analysis showed that data type, age and dialing time of AI telephone follow-up were statistically significant influencing factors for the difference in the consistency rate of speech recognition information(P<0.05). Conclusion: It is suggested to improve the information collection rate and consistency rate of AI telephone follow-up by loading dialect voice packs, setting up more intelligent interactive inquiry, more standardized answer settings, and personalized telephone follow-up dialing time.

Continuously intensifying of aging population in our country, the incidence rate of osteoporosis is also increasing, and has become a community common bone disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has a variety of treatment methods and the therapeutic effect is also very obvious. The article retrieves relevant research reports on the treatment of osteoporosis with traditional Chinese medicine in the past five years, and summarizes them from the aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, internal and external treatments.

Objective: To explore the application effect of in situ simulation teaching method in standardized training of psychiatric resident physicians. Methods: One hundred and forty-seven resident trainees from Shanghai Mental Health Center were selected as the research subjects, with 46 resident trainees in the first year. In situ simulation projects included inquiring about medical history and oral shift handover. In the second year, there were 51 resident trainees, and the in situ simulation projects included negotiation, informed consent, and conveying bad news. In the third year, there are 50 resident trainees, and the in situ simulation project is to inform of medical errors and end-of-life conversations. Using the entrustable professional activities evaluation method to assess the competency of resident training physicians, the entrustable professional activities evaluation scores were recorded and compared before and after in situ simulation teaching. Results: The score after in situ simulation teaching was significantly higher than before, and there was a significant difference in the excellent rate (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of in situ simulation teaching method can enhance the job competence of psychiatric resident physicians and can be applied to standardized training of psychiatric resident physicians.

At present, the national level has clearly proposed to “Coordinate the use of national basic medical insurance and public health funds, and realize the effective connection between public health services and medical services”, which is of great significance for improving the treatment rate and control rate of chronic diseases in China and promoting social stability. Focusing on the treatment and protection of important chronic diseases in China, we summarize the current three mainstream collaborative protection modes, clarifies the characteristics of collaborative protection diseases and the commonalities between the protection modes, and raise targeted questions, and suggest that the selection criteria of diseases should be clarified at the national level and a catalogue of core diseases should be formed to coordinate the protection of diseases. At the same time, the pressure on public health expenditure should be reduced by flexibly adjusting the reimbursement ratio of basic medical insurance and establishing a long-term financing mechanism.

The spleen is the most common substantial organ involved in abdominal trauma because of its fragile texture and rich blood storage, which makes it prone to rupture and bleeding in traumatic situations. For a long time in the past, splenectomy was the basic treatment for splenic rupture. However, as the knowledge of the spleen deepens, preserving the spleen and its function as much as possible in order to save lives has been recognized, and clinicians no longer pursue splenectomy or splenic preservation. With the advancement of medical technology and the improvement of injury grading of splenic rupture, the management of splenic rupture has become more and more diversified. However, the diagnosis and treatment of splenic rupture still need to be individualized by clinicians according to the patient’s condition, and it is not wise to rely too much on any quantitative indicators.

To evaluate the bioequivalence of generic omeprazole enteric-coated capsules (20 mg) versus a reference formulation (LOSEC, 20 mg) in vivo. Healthy adult subjects were enrolled and randomly and blindly administered with either the generic formulation or the reference formulation of omeprazole enteric-coated capsules. By measuring the concentration of omeprazole in plasma, the bioequivalence of the two formulations was compared using pharmacokinetic parameters and their in vivo safety was evaluated. The results showed that under fasting and postprandial conditions, the geometric mean ratio of pharmacokinetic parameters of the two preparations fell within the acceptance range of bioequivalence, the adverse reactions associated with generic preparation were mild and similar to those of reference formulation, and there were no distinctive differences in safety between the two preparations.