In recent years, postbiotics, a new concept related to probiotics, has been used to describe some certain inactivated microorganisms or sterile extracts, which may provide host health benefits through distinct biological activities from those of probiotics. A series of studies have shown that some postbiotics have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which have been used in the adjuvant treatment of metabolic syndrome, anxiety, depression, and even corona virus disease 2019, although their mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved have not been fully elucidated. With the deepening of the research and development of postbiotics, it is expected to be widely used in the healthy food industry and medical health care field in the future.

Pruritus is a common dermatologic condition characterized by only itching without primary skin lesions. Pruritus is also the most common symptom of many dermatologic conditions, causing discomfort and leading to problems with sleep, mood, and social interaction. These issues can significantly impact the daily activities, mental health and overall quality of life. In clinical practice, the subjective nature of itching and the complexity of its etiology make it challenging for physicians to assess the severity of itch in patients. We summarize the common unidimensional and multidimensional pruritus assessment tools from the perspective of pruritus degree assessment, introduce the scales that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of pruritus patients, and describe their application methods, advantages and limitations, in order to provide reference for dermatology clinicians to select and apply these assessment tools.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects the central face, its clinical manifestations are diverse and it is prone to recurrence, which can significantly impact the quality of life and mental health of patients. Accurate assessment of the severity and treatment efficacy of rosacea is crucial for long-term management. This article reviews the tools for assessing rosacea based on domestic and international expert consensus and clinical research. We outline the methods, advantages and disadvantages of these tools and summarize the scales for ocular and phymatous rosacea. Additionally, we discuss the evaluation methods of life quality and mental health in rosacea patients so as to assist dermatologists in better selecting and utilizing these assessment tools.

With the introduction of the policy of “Internet Plus Healthcare” and the catalyzing effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, drug distribution enterprises have rapidly expanded into the “Internet Plus” medical service field. This article summarizes the service modes employed by these enterprises in the context of “Internet Plus” healthcare, analyzes the challenges they face, and proposes corresponding improvement strategies. Drug distribution enterprises need to strengthen the study of relevant laws and policies, broaden their management approaches, standardize industry operations, and improve service quality, so as to achieve long-term development in the “Internet Plus” medical service field.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common skin disease, whose incidence has been increasing year by year, and is more common in the middle-aged and elderly as well as people with immunosuppression or immunodeficiency. Zoster-associated pain in the acute phase and postherpetic neuralgia has a significant impact on the quality of life. Therefore, the accurate assessment of the intensity, properties and changes of pain in HZ patients and estimation of the impact of symptoms on the quality of life are of benefit to carrying out appropriate therapeutic measures or to adjusting the therapeutic regimen timely in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, which are crucial for treatment efficacy and rehabilitation process of patients. At present, there are a variety of clinical scales used to evaluate the condition of HZ patients, mainly to assess pain and quality of life. Based on the latest version of the expert consensus on herpes zoster-related pain, this review summarizes the specific content and advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used scales so as to provide better selection for their clinical application.

Biopharmaceutical industry is an important pillar of strategic emerging industries in Shanghai. The growth rate of Shanghai’s biopharmaceutical industry has been slowed down in 2023 due to affection by the complex environment at home and abroad. This article focuses on the analysis of the status quo of Shanghai’s biopharmaceutical industry and makes recommendations for accelerating the development of this industry.

The gut microbiota-host metabolic axis is defined as a group of high-speed multi-disciplinary, interactive chemical signal pathways that link a specific host cell pathway to a series of gut microbiome species, subecosystems and metabolic activities. Many diseases are related to intestinal microbiota disorders (alterations of the composition or functions of the intestinal microbiota). The present article focus on the gut flora dysfunction classification, the causes and consequences of the dysfunction of intestinal metabolites, as well as their roles in the molecular etiology of various intestinal diseases. Meanwhile, novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches targeting microbiota and its metabolites are also discussed.

Dispensing robot can automate intravenous drug dispensing tasks instead of humans, effectively improve the accuracy of drug dispensing, reduce occupational exposure and lower the mechanical repetitive labor intensity of dispensing personnel. However, the use of dispensing robot in China is still in the exploratory stage, the time for its clinical application is relatively short, and the technology is not fully mature. This article reviews the literature related to the application practice of drug dispensing robot, summarizes its application status and technical characteristics and proposes some suggestions for its improvement in view of its existing problems, so as to provide reference for the continuous improvement of the automatic intravenous drug dispensing ability. Medical institutions can choose different types of dispensing robots according to their needs and circumstances.

In recent years, the medical device industry has rapidly risen in China’s high-tech industry system and has gradually become one of the key high-tech fields supported and developed by the state. Shanghai, as one of the most developed medical device industries in China, has been striving to be a test field for industry reform and is committed to deepening the “Shanghai Plan” for the industry, accelerating innovative breakthroughs in key industries, and actively laying out key areas to promote the widespread application and promotion of innovative products. This article analyzes the current development status of Shanghai’s medical device industry and proposes relevant suggestions for promoting the high-quality development of Shanghai’s medical device industry in combination with the new development pattern of Shanghai’s medical device industry in recent years.

With the continuous development of China's pharmaceutical e-commerce and the ongoing enhancement of the regulatory system, new demands have been placed on the quality management models of traditional pharmaceutical distribution enterprises. This study analyzes the essential elements required for pharmaceutical distribution enterprises engaged in online drug retail activities and explores key quality control points in light of changes in pharmaceutical business models. Under the current regulatory environment, enterprises should focus on strengthening information systems, online trading platforms, and pharmaceutical services to ensure regulatory compliance in online drug sales, accelerate the restructuring of the pharmaceutical supply chain, and safeguard public health and medication safety.

Objective: To analyze two successful cases of treatment for rhabdomyolysis (RM) and provide reference for optimizing the treatment of RM. Methods: The clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, high-risk factors, and treatment plans of two RM patients and their clinical characteristics were analyzed in combination with relevant literature. Results: One case of patient with RM and acute liver injury was cured after treatment with fluid resuscitation, alkalization of urine, and hepatoprotective therapy. Another case of patient with RM and acute kidney injury was also cured after treatment with hydration, alkalization, potassium supplementation and lowering uric acid. Conclusion: Acute liver injury and acute kidney injury secondary to RM are usually transient and less severe. However, both cases in this report manifested severe organ dysfunction and required active pharmaceutical care. So early identification and comprehensive treatment are crucial.

With the improvement of people’s living standards and the continuous penetration of intelligent technology into the elderly care services, ordinary nursing beds have been unable to meet the care and rehabilitation needs of bedridden patients. Research and development can solve the problems of nursing and rehabilitation for the long-term bedridden patients, intelligent multifunctional nursing beds that reduce the labor intensity of caregivers have become a research hotspot at home and abroad. This article summarizes the research status of the intelligent multifunctional nursing bed from four aspects: body position adjustment, stool and urine care, physiological parameter monitoring, and bed rehabilitation training facing to the research hotspot at home and abroad.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease whose etiology is not fully understood. In recent years, with the deepening of intestinal microecology research, intestinal microecology intervention represented by probiotics has become an important therapeutic method for IBD. Probiotic preparations for the treatment of IBD can maintain microecological balance, regulate intestinal immune function, relieve oxidative stress and protect mucosal barrier function. This article reviews the research progress of probiotics in the treatment of IBD from the aspects of definition, mechanism, efficacy and safety.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for human health, which is the top death cause for the mortality for the residents in urban rural areas in our country, and the prevalence rate of cardiovascular disease is still at the stage of rising. In 2020, the American Heart Association(AHA) put forward the concept of cardiovascular health and ideal cardiovascular health indicators. This paper discusses the risk factors of cardiovascular health, ideal cardiovascular health indicators, evaluation and management of cardiovascular health.

The incidence of vitiligo has been increasing in recent years. With approximately 20 million patients affected in China. Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease characterized by the loss of skin pigment, which results in white patches on the skin. This condition significantly impacts patients’ mental health and quality of life. To effectively assess the severity of vitiligo, monitor its progression and understand its effects on patients’ quality of life, this article reviews various evaluation tools available for vitiligo. These tools encompass both patient self-assessment scales and clinical assessment scales used by healthcare professionals, with a detailed summary of their usage methods, advantages, and disadvantages of each tool. Using standardized and systematic evaluation tools can help not only unify diagnostic criteria, guide individualized treatment plans and monitor therapeutic outcomes, but also improve patient management and facilitate related scientific research. By referencing these assessment tools and scales, dermatologists can more effectively select and implement them, ultimately providing more precise and higher-quality medical care to patients.

Melasma is a skin disease that occurs frequently in women of childbearing age and has a greater impact on the mental condition and quality of life of patients due to the large changes in their facial appearance. Therefore, it is particularly important to monitor disease progression and assess their quality of life in time in the process of melasma diagnosis and treatment for the adjustment of treatment plans and the improvement of their skin lesion and treatment satisfaction. Currently, there is a lack of effective methods and efficacy evaluation for the treatment of melasma and the standardized objective scales are necessary for evaluating the efficacy of various interventions in clinical trials. This article systematically reviews the methods, advantages, and disadvantages of commonly used assessment tools based on the 2021 Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma, so as to assist clinical practitioners in better selecting and utilizing these evaluation tools.

With lifestyle changes, the incidence of subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is increasing year by year, and early diagnosis and timely appropriate treatment are essential for the prognosis of the shoulder joint. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of SIS with traditional Chinese and Western medicine, discusses the current situation of traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of SIS, and proposes that the clinical treatment of this disease should not be limited to simple traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine treatment methods, follow the idea of “heterozygous to cure”, and provide certain ideas and methods for clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent inflammatory, non-scarring hair loss disorder characterized by sudden patchy alopecia. It may also lead to the loss of eyebrows and eyelashes, as well as nail involvement, significantly impacting the physical and mental health of patients. Therefore, accurate assessment of the disease severity, progression and treatment effectiveness is crucial for guiding clinical management. This article systematically reviews the commonly used assessment tools for AA, discussing their methodologies, advantages and limitations, to provide reference for clinicians and researchers in selecting appropriate evaluation tools.

The roses have numerous varieties and are widely cultivated, but the medicinal rose market is also filled with many confusing products. To standardize the medicinal origin of Rosa rugosa, this article investigated the planting varieties of Rosa rugosa in the main producing areas of medicinal roses through field investigation and literature reviews and analyzed the medicinal suitability of different roses based on the comparative study of the biological and pharmaceutical quality characteristics of different varieties. The varieties of intraspecific hybridization like “Fenghua” and “Rosa rugosa cv. plena”, which have traits that align with Chinese Pharmacopoeia, are recommended for propagation and promotion as medicinal rose varieties. On the other hand, hybrids like “Zizhi”, “Kushui”, along with those resembling Rosa chinensis Jacq, which have similar morphologies but are actually crossbred with other plants of the genus Rosa, should not be used as medicinal Rosa rugosa.

The human body and the gut microbiota are mutually beneficial and symbiotic under normal conditions. The gut microbiota has been proven to be associated with various diseases, and the liver, as a neighboring organ, is closely related to the gut both anatomically and functionally. Numerous studies have shown that the composition of gut microbiota undergoes significant changes when suffering from liver disease and the changes can significantly affect the development of liver diseases. This review summarizes the changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites under different liver disease states and their impact on the occurrence and development of liver disease to help colleagues deeply understand the relationship between the changes in gut microbiota and the development of liver disease, and then jointly explore new strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver disease based on gut microbiota.

The incidence of lumbar disc herniation has been increasing year by year, and the age of onset is becoming younger, which imposes a heavy burden on society and patient’s families. Exercise therapy is one of the important methods for treating lumbar disc herniation. This article reviews the current applications and research progress of various exercise therapies, including core strength training, McKenzie therapy, Pilates training, Baduanjin exercise, Yijinjing, and Taijiquan, in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis and reference for the development of optimal exercise treatment programs for patients with lumbar disc herniation.

The spleen is the most common substantial organ involved in abdominal trauma because of its fragile texture and rich blood storage, which makes it prone to rupture and bleeding in traumatic situations. For a long time in the past, splenectomy was the basic treatment for splenic rupture. However, as the knowledge of the spleen deepens, preserving the spleen and its function as much as possible in order to save lives has been recognized, and clinicians no longer pursue splenectomy or splenic preservation. With the advancement of medical technology and the improvement of injury grading of splenic rupture, the management of splenic rupture has become more and more diversified. However, the diagnosis and treatment of splenic rupture still need to be individualized by clinicians according to the patient’s condition, and it is not wise to rely too much on any quantitative indicators.

Eczema is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease that affects individuals across all age groups and significantly impairs patients' quality of life. It presents in various forms, each characterized by distinct clinical symptoms and features. Accurate assessment of eczema severity and treatment efficacy is crucial for guiding clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes. Therefore, selecting appropriate assessment tools in clinical research and practice is essential for precise evaluation and effective monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic responses. This review systematically retrieves and summarizes assessment scales for evaluating the severity of eczema lesions and treatment outcomes, including physician-reported and patient-reported instruments for both common and specific types of eczema, aiming to provide clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive perspective on eczema evaluation, while highlighting the importance of personalized and precise application of assessment tools in disease management.

Hydrogen sulfide is a trace gas signaling molecule that is metabolized in the gut by intestinal epithelial cells or intestinal microbiota using cysteine as its substrate. More and more studies have confirmed that patients with colorectal cancer are accompanied by gut flora disturbance and an increase in the level of hydrogen sulfide synthesis in the body. The pathway of hydrogen sulfide production and its physiological and pathological effects in colorectal cancer were reviewed in the present paper. The value of exhaled hydrogen sulfide in screening and early prediction of colorectal cancer as a novel target was also discussed.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine sachets in the intervention of tobacco dependence in security personnel. Methods: According to the random number table method, 100 patients with tobacco dependence were divided into an intervention group with 50 cases and a control group with 50 cases. In the intervention group there were 46 males and 4 females; the average age was (35.95±5.73) years, and the average disease course was (3.71±1.69) years. In the control group there were 44 males and 6 females; the average age was (33.62±6.85) years, and the average disease course was (3.66±1.69) years. Both groups adopted health education, and the intervention group was given traditional Chinese medicine sachets on the basis of health education. Repeated smoking, the daily smoking volume, the Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence(FTND), the Minnesota nicotine withdrawal symptom scale(MNWS), and the questionnaire on smoking urges - brief(QSU-Brief) were observed. Results: The total effective rate in the intervention group was 90.00%, which was significantly better than 66.00% in the control group(P<0.05). The daily smoking volume of patients in both groups decreased, and the intervention group was lower than the control group(P<0.01); the scores of the FTND scale, the MNWS scale, and the QSU-Brief scale all decreased significantly in both groups, and the intervention group was better than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of traditional Chinese medicine sachets and comprehensive nursing intervention has a significant effect on patients with tobacco dependence, reduces the degree of nicotine dependence, reduces smoking cravings, and improves withdrawal symptoms, which helps to improve the smoking cessation rate and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective: To analyze the current research status, theme evolution and future frontiers of Ginkgo biloba extract in the pharmaceutical research field so as to provide evidence and references for future study. Methods: Literature data on Ginkgo biloba extract was extracted and filtered from Web of Science Core Collection, and R Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace were implemented to carry out statistical and visual analysis on publication trend, authors, institutions, countries, keywords, outburst words and future trends. Results: A total of 514 references were eventually incorporated. The number of annual publications showed a fluctuating rise overall and increased rapidly in the last decade. Broadly collaboration was observed between core authors and institutions with high impact; China led the high number of publications and maintained extensive cooperation with the United States, and the multinational collaboration network between China, the United States, France and the Republic of Korea was relatively close. Comprehensive analysis on keywords and research theme screened out 14 clusters and 16 keywords with the strongest citation bursts, and the thematic evolution indicated that the study on Ginkgo biloba extract has developed from the traditional research for herbal pharmacology to a new era digging deep into the molecular mechanism. Conclusion: The research on Ginkgo biloba extract presents a trend of in-depth development from the research of traditional Chinese medicine to the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and the application and combination of new technologies.

Chronic atrophic gastritis is a common clinic digestive system disease, and it is one of the precancerous lesions of gastric cancer, which is easy to repeat and difficult to be cured. Western medicine takes more symptomatic treatment measures, the curative effect is considerable but there are drawbacks. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment for this disease, has a unique advantage and exact curative effect. This article comprehensively discusses the research progress of TCM treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis in recent years from the aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, treatment with proprietary Chinese medicine and external treatment of TCM.

Chitinase-3-like protein-1(CHI3L1) is a protein associated with inflammatory responses, the research finds it participates in the pathophysiological processes of various inflammatory diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases, and it holds significant research value and prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. This article reviews the relationship between CHI3L1 and the onset and progression of multiple diseases.

Acute vision loss is a common emergency in ophthalmology. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential to restore or preserve vision. Abnormalities in any part of the visual pathway, from the refractive media to the occipital cortex, can cause vision loss. In this article, we present an emergency diagnostic and treatment plan for acute vision loss based on its etiology.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of oral administration of Yangxue Anshen tablets combined with acupoint massage in the treatment of patients with heart and spleen deficiency type insomnia. Methods: Fifty-two patients with heart and spleen deficiency type insomnia were selected from January to June 2024, and were divided into a treatment group and a control group with 26 cases each using a random number table method. The control group orally administrated 1 mg of escitalopram every night, while the treatment group was given Yangxue Anshen tablets 3 times a day, 5 tablets each time, combined with acupoint massage. Massage time was 1 hour in the afternoon or before bedtime, once a day, each acupoint lasted for 3-5 minutes each time. The treatment was 15 days as one course, and both groups received two consecutive treatment courses, and the treatment effects were compared. Results: The total effective rate in the treatment group was 92.31%(24/26), which was higher than that in the control group 80% (21/26, P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of Yangxue Anshen tablets and acupoint massage in the treatment of patients with heart and spleen deficiency type insomnia can help alleviate clinical symptoms, improve sleep quality, enhance treatment efficacy, and have no side effects.

In the context of the Healthy China Initiative, early diagnosis and early treatment of diseases are new goals and requirements for health management. This article analyzes the key issues of early disease screening in China, such as small disease coverage and low population coverage and finds that the disease selection method of China’s disease screening projects is not yet perfect, and there is still a lack of connection in fund payment. Accordingly, it is suggested that the disease screening scheme can be optimized from the aspects of disease screening criteria and screening process and meanwhile, the basic medical insurance fund and public health service fund can adopt the “secondary classification method” to implement different payment strategies for different types of diseases, strengthen the payment connection and provide financial support for early disease screening.

Vitamin K₁ is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for the coagulation mechanism in neonates, especially in the process of hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors Ⅱ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ and Ⅹ. However, neonates are often at risk of bleeding disorders due to insufficient endogenous synthesis of vitamin K₁, so supplementation is generally recommended. On the other hand, the use of vitamin K₁ is not without risk, and its labeling mentions that adverse effects such as hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice and hemolytic anemia may occur in neonates. This article analyzes the adverse reactions and possible causes of its use in neonates, and evaluates the safety of vitamin K₁, so as to provide a basis for the safety of its clinical application in neonates.

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, and recurrent skin disease that affects approximately 125 million people worldwide. This condition not only imposes a significant burden on patients’ physical health but also markedly diminishes their quality of life. Accurate assessment of lesion severity and treatment efficacy in psoriasis patients is essential for understanding disease progression, evaluating therapeutic outcomes, and guiding clinical decision-making. Therefore, selecting appropriate and reliable assessment tools is critical for informing clinical management. This review discusses the evolving landscape of assessment tools used in psoriasis, systematically summarizes commonly used scoring systems, and evaluates their applications, advantages, and limitations, aiming to provide valuable reference for clinicians and researchers alike.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The comprehensive rehabilitation intervention for patients with heart disease is a major clinical challenge. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the rehabilitation of this disease, but currently there is no integrated rehabilitation plan for heart disease in China. The Muscle and Skeleton Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Rehabilitation Professional Committee of the Shanghai Rehabilitation Medicine Association has organized experts in relevant fields to combine relevant clinical guidelines in recent years and developed “Guidelines for Integrated the Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Rehabilitation of Heart Diseases” after repeated discussions with experts in related fields, aiming to guide and standardize the practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation of heart diseases.

Continuously intensifying of aging population in our country, the incidence rate of osteoporosis is also increasing, and has become a community common bone disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has a variety of treatment methods and the therapeutic effect is also very obvious. The article retrieves relevant research reports on the treatment of osteoporosis with traditional Chinese medicine in the past five years, and summarizes them from the aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, internal and external treatments.

Adenoid hypertrophy in children can lead to upper respiratory tract obstruction, and appear mouth breathing, snoring and other symptoms, which seriously affects the growth and development and mental health of children. Modern medicine mainly relies on medication and surgical resection, but there exists a risk of surgery, and the problems of drug dependence and adverse reactions, etc. In recent years, massage techniques have obvious treatment effect, and high acceptance and has become the advantage method for treatment of adenoid hypertrophy in children clinically. The article reviews the research progress of etiology and pathogenesis of adenoid hypertrophy in children, massage techniques, and combination of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and acupoint application in the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy in children, aiming to broaden the idea of clinical treatment of adenoid hypertrophy in children.

Objective: To understand the data of global drug R&D in 2023 and look forward to the future global R&D pattern. Methods: The global drug R&D in 2023 was introduced, and the data were analyzed from two aspects: drug R&D stage and drug R&D region. Results: In the R&D stage, the total number of drugs in clinical trials in 2023 still maintained an upward trend. China has surpassed the United States to become the first choice for clinical trials and listing of new drugs. In terms of the distribution of original research enterprises, more than half of the original research enterprises that carry out clinical trials of new drugs and apply for listing of new drugs were headquartered in China and the United States; in terms of the distribution of licensed enterprises, the activity of licensing transactions of pharmaceutical enterprises in China is second only to that of the United States, and licensing was still an important mode for mature pharmaceutical companies in China to develop new business. Conclusion: In 2023, the R&D activities of pharmaceutical industry have recovered to the pre-epidemic level, and pharmaceutical industry will be in a steady development state in the future.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of budesonide nasal spray combined with loratadine in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: One hundred and sixteen patients with AR were randomly divided into a control group (n=58) and an observation group (n=58). The control group was treated with loratadine tablets, and the observation group was additionally treated with budesonide nasal spray. The clinical efficacy, time for symptom improvement, serum inflammatory factor and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate (93.10% vs 75.86%) and IFN-γ level were higher, the time for the improvement of nasal congestion, itchy nose, runny nose and sneezing was shorter, and the levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and VCAM-1 were lower in the observation group than the control group (all P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of budesonide nasal spray combined with loratadine for the treatment of AR is more effective than the use of loratadine alone, and has higher clinical value.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of modified Shenfeng decoction combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acupoint application in the treatment of chronic nephritis with spleen and kidney Qi deficiency syndrome. Methods: Seventy-two patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 36 cases each. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine, while the observation group was treated with a combination of modified Shenfeng decoction and traditional Chinese medicine acupoint application for 12 weeks on the basis of the control group. Urinary biochemical indicators (24-hour urinary protein, urinary microalbumin), renal function indicators (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glomerular filtration rate), C-reactive protein (CRP), cystatin C (CysC), and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the levels of 24-hour urinary protein, urinary microalbumin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, CRP, and CysC were lower, while glomerular filtration rate and overall response rate were higher in the observation group than the control group (P<0.05). There were few adverse reactions and milder symptoms in both groups. Conclusion: Modified Shenfeng decoction combined with TCM acupoint application can effectively suppress inflammatory responses in patients with chronic nephritis with spleen and kidney Qi deficiency, and is of benefit to improving renal function and reducing urinary protein levels.