In the context of the Healthy China Initiative, early diagnosis and early treatment of diseases are new goals and requirements for health management. This article analyzes the key issues of early disease screening in China, such as small disease coverage and low population coverage and finds that the disease selection method of China’s disease screening projects is not yet perfect, and there is still a lack of connection in fund payment. Accordingly, it is suggested that the disease screening scheme can be optimized from the aspects of disease screening criteria and screening process and meanwhile, the basic medical insurance fund and public health service fund can adopt the “secondary classification method” to implement different payment strategies for different types of diseases, strengthen the payment connection and provide financial support for early disease screening.

At present, the national level has clearly proposed to “Coordinate the use of national basic medical insurance and public health funds, and realize the effective connection between public health services and medical services”, which is of great significance for improving the treatment rate and control rate of chronic diseases in China and promoting social stability. Focusing on the treatment and protection of important chronic diseases in China, we summarize the current three mainstream collaborative protection modes, clarifies the characteristics of collaborative protection diseases and the commonalities between the protection modes, and raise targeted questions, and suggest that the selection criteria of diseases should be clarified at the national level and a catalogue of core diseases should be formed to coordinate the protection of diseases. At the same time, the pressure on public health expenditure should be reduced by flexibly adjusting the reimbursement ratio of basic medical insurance and establishing a long-term financing mechanism.